Social forking in open source software an empirical study of suicide

Opensource software development is a production model that exploits the distributed intelligence of participants in. While the prior literature has examined open source software oss forks 10,26, 29, 30. Why and how developers fork what from whom in github. Suggested citation singh, param vir and tan, yong and mookerjee, vijay, network effects. This paper examines the association between social relationships and suicide rates across 7 regions of the world, including east asia, englishspeaking countries, latin america, and northern, western, southern, and eastern europe. It isnt an open source, decentralized social networking technology. Revisiting open source social networking alternatives. In fact, idc analyst al hilwa went so far as to state that oss is poised to eat the world in a recent article for. Forking, and even the mere possibility of forking code, affects the governance and sustainability of open source initiatives on three distinct levels. It was adapted from an original paper prepared by jennifer white, edd, for the mental health promotion unit of. Related work discrimination exists in online software engineering com. The universal impact of open source software business 2.

Data mining is usually about determining things of economic advantage, but in this case, suicide we have a. As anyone working in the field of mental health knows, suicide is a bleak reality. Explain why durkheims research on suicide is essential to understanding sociology. The report cites shifting suicide methods as a possible reason for the increase, but some experts are pointing to socialmedia as an explanation for the rise in. In addition to the empirical evidence that social support may be a protective factor in suicide, there is strong theoretical support as well. Desirable structure of developer social network on github increases the number of commits, but does not increase issue closure rate. Forking is gaining traction in industry because of the maturity of distributed version control systems and the abundance of open source software oss and hosting platforms that support forking. Though forking is controversial in traditional open source software oss community, it is encouraged and is a builtin feature in github. The link between social media and suicide in young women. A deep understanding of repository forking can provide important insights for oss community and.

The implication underlying the use of the term is that such deaths are somehow problematic for society. Suicide is a concept that is socially constructed in that the intention of the deceased is inferred after the death has occurred. Explaining patterns of suicide ministry of health nz. Free and opensource software may be legally forked without prior approval of those currently. These same researchers found that people ages 15 to 19 are two to four times more prone to suicide contagion than people in other age groups. The study illustrated durkheims ideas behind social facts and showed how suicide rates can be an expression of the social currents that can affect the social facts that occur within society. I was surprised to see so many public figures and media entities jump on boardmainly because of what ello isnt. Study to examine impact of internet on suicide rates. On one hand, you have people genuinely concerned and taking action when someone makes an alarming or depressed comment on one of the social networks. Using social media to prevent adolescent suicide stat. The role social networking plays in teen suicide and death. Department of health and human services hhs, substance abuse and mental health services administration samhsa, center for mental health services cmhs, under grant no. Summarize the tension in sociology between social analysis and social reform. Social media may play a role in the rise in teen suicides.

Works in the sociology of suicide focused on the analysis of long terms societal change, principally social integration, on national suicide rates e. Based on social network theory, we investigate the interactive communications among open source contributors in order to find the impact of communication pattern on open source success. He classified four types of suicide based on the victims relationships with society. He was the first to argue that causes of suicide were social factors and not individual personalities. Forking and the sustainability of the developer community. Open source software oss is changing the face of the it landscape. Is social media contributing to the rise of teen suicides. Code forking, fork, open source software, free software. Open source software free software oss fs has risen to great prominence. Newsela teen suicide rates rising, study says social. Gousios g, pinzger m, van deursen a 2014 an exploratory study of the pullbased software development model. This study used the consensual qualitative research method to analyze interviews with ten high school students 1 year after a suicide cluster in a small suburban school district. With the rise of social coding and explicit support in version control systems. The hazard of open source is that projects can fork into competing versions.

Open source boosts entrepreneurship and social good. Psychologists, psychiatrists, general practitioners and nurses have written. The purpose of this study is to investigate how commercial open source software affects proprietary software producers pricing market share or profit, consumer surplus and social welfare. Obviously, any empirical study of foss projects will find projects in each of these two stages. The first part discusses research and issues associated with the reporting and portrayal of suicide. The suicide rate for young women in the united states continues to rise faster than that of young men, according to a report released by the centers for disease control and prevention cdc earlier this month. In this paper we report on a mixedmethods empirical study of the role of social capital i. Internet and mobile phone interventions for mental. Apply the sociological perspective to your own life. Working with the samaritans, researchers at the university of bristol will run the twoyear study, the first to talk to. Computer engineering, information assurance program of study committee. Now a study has been launched into the impact of internet on suicide rates.

Is there a connection between social media and suicide. A second source of endogeneity stems from the correlation between a nodes network position and unobserved productspecific attributes, especially if a seeds social network evolved as a result of her past activities. The clues in your tweets predicting suicide risk is exactly what glen coppersmith, a data scientist and psychologist, has set out to do. Breault argues, in a critical survey of the empirical literature on le suicide, that the hypothesis with. How do foss institutions evolve from project startup to project death. Suicide prevention through social work intervention. Certain types of death are more likely to be interpreted as suicide than others.

Analyzing the social networks of contributors in open. However, when establishing relationships through social media, the technology can also make us feel close without the risk of intimacy and without the solid connection that occurs when talking to people on the telephoneor, better yet, facetoface. Hence it is necessary for us to be carefully considerate whether moving suicide prevention toward social networking, to propose our analysis outcomes, and to assist the tspc chairman to make a final decision. Suicide theories ix empirical research ix new zealand situation x introduction 1 aims 1 method 1 structure 2 part 1. If developer governance is unsustainable, it can lead to the death of the ecosystem.

Among the social work journals, the child and adolescent social work journal produced more suicide research articles than any other social work journal studied, publishing eight suicide research articles written by social workers over the twentytwo years since it began, and composing 6 per cent of the total suicide research articles in the study. The low cost of starting a webbased business has become possible primarily because of the availability of open source software and infrastructure. University, and the carnegie bosch institute for financing of the research. The influence of structural social capital on open source project success april 1, 2008.

Notes can conceal homicide and notes are only found in a minority of cases, notes might be destroyed by friendsrelatives. During their open source tenure, the more often people. Accessing data about suicidal behavior among american. Durkheims research on suicide documented that suicide was a largescale social problem and not an isolated individual problem. Why scientists think your social media posts can help.

Their comprehensive commentary, experience and insights were invaluable in the preparation of this paper. An examination of code forking, its effect on open source software, and. Social workers can play a key role in teen suicide prevention. Freelibre and open source software projects foss are a form of. Despite the important role of local communities and local governments in suicide prevention, few empirical studies have focused on regional.

Sociological perspective emile durkheim did a case study on the causes of suicide in 1897. Society therefore defines a role for professionals in the prevention of suicide. A comprehensive study of software forks archive ouverte hal. Forking is the creation of a new software project by making a copy of artefacts from another project. Fung kh, aurum a, tang d 2012 social forking in open source software. Enabling open source intelligence osint in private social networks by benjamin robert holland a thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of master of science major. This study utilizes a requirements elicitation and analysis process, the xreap, to explore whether moving the sp to the sn is feasible. Forking as a tool for software sustainabilityan empirical study. Open source software is not simply the same as commercial software that is provided for. In this study, we propose that the social structure of the open source project teams may play a critical role in the success of open source projects. We analyzed the relationship between social support and lifetime history of a suicide attempt, controlling for a variety of related psychopathology and demographic variables, in the national comorbidity study replication ncsr, a united states sample and the adult psychiatric morbidity study apms, an english sample. For example, a study published in the journal rheumatology found that people with ra are twice as likely to suffer from depression. Social media effect on suicide since the first documented internet suicide pact in japan 12 years ago, researchers have been trying to figure out what role the web plays in suicidal behavior. This chapter examines the social and economic impacts of oss on three such nations.

Indian health service ihs resource and patient management system rpms description. At the same time, open source software oss impacts developing countries in various ways. Forking is the creation of a new software repository by copying another repository. The final section sixth offers some implications for research in social work dealing with social problems. The aftermath of a suicide cluster in the age of online. We conduct an extensive statistical analysis on the social networks of contributors in open source software oss communities using datasets collected from two most fastgrowing oss social interaction sites, and. More troubling still, researchers found that suicide is contagious, spreading either directly knowing the victim or indirectly hearing about a suicide through the media or word of mouth. Durkheims method was seen as radical at the time as it made sociology a. In these ways, social media can be an important connection with ones real life social network. Pdf understanding code forking in open source software an. The studys authors looked at cdc suicide reports from 200915 and results of two surveys given to u. For example, consider a node that seeds high quality products.

Investigating success of open source software projects. If harnessed properly, it can also serve a therapeutic purpose. Although suicide clusters have been identified in many populations, research exploring the role of online communication in the aftermath of a suicide cluster is extremely limited. Forking is the creation of a new software project by making a copy of. Through social network analysis of empirical data collected from open source projects, we study the impact of the communication patterns of open source projects on the outcomes of these projects, while accounting for projectspecific characteristics. The suicide prevention resource center at edc is supported by a grant from the u. However, forking in oss is a poorly understood practice in research, often assumed to be damaging to the open source community. The processes of secularization, urbanization, and industrialization were thought to promote a higher incidence of suicide through breaking down ties between the. Forking as a tool for software sustainabilityan empirical.

Part 2, provides facts about suicide including warning signs of suicidal behaviour and common myths. A growing number of commercial open source software, based on free open source software, appears in many segments of software market. Annotation recommended annotation visible only to you. Briefly, ossfs programs are programs whose licenses give users the freedom to run the program for any purpose, to study and modify the program, and to redistribute copies of either the original or modified program without having to pay royalties to previous developers.

New research suggests that some simple but nonobvious characteristics of social network use are related to suicide. Enabling open source intelligence osint in private. Whether moving suicide prevention toward social networking. As a failure of cooperation in a context of open innovation, forking is a practical and informative subject of study. Impact of social network structure on content propagation.

Rpms is the health information system used by many ihs federal, tribal and urban itu health care facilities. The role social networking plays in suicide social media and suicide research finds that online relationships support mental health and positive relationships were all familiar with tales of social networking sites snss casting dark shadows over events leading up to a victims suicide. Social media need not be merely a modernday repository for a suicide note. In software engineering, a project fork happens when developers take a copy of source code. Study of suicide notes give some idea of the social meaning of suicide. The free lamp software stack, which constitutes linux, apache, mysql and php, has made it possible for creative and thoughtful people with ideas to start businesses on the internet that are playing. Developers freely fork repositories, use codes as their own and make changes.